The Brain
KNOWLEDGE EXPECTED OF: QAFP® Professionals
Highest Knowledge Level: Understanding
Knowledge Levels and Associated Verbs
|
Awareness
The state of being aware that something exists / to have familiarity with a particular activity or subject
|
Understanding
To comprehend the general relationship of particulars / to have an expertise with how something works
|
Application
Ability to put information to use / to use knowledge for relevant, practical purposes
|
Evaluation
To judge or conclude by utilizing data / a systematic determination of something’s worth or significance
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Define
To state exactly the meaning of
|
Identify
To be aware of / to recognize and correctly name / to locate an appropriate resource
|
Explain
To make clear the meaning of / to describe something in more detail or reveal relevant facts or ideas related to it
|
Determine
To ascertain / to come to a decision, such as by investigation or reasoning
|
Compare
To note the similarities and differences between two or more things
|
Estimate
To determine an approximate value for
|
Calculate
To find the value using mathematics
|
Convert
To change from one form or purpose to another
|
Evaluate
To reach a conclusion or make a through careful study
|
Interpret
To give the meaning of / to construe or understand / to translate orally
|
Hold cursor over or click on each term to read its definition.
- Identify the parts of the brain that are involved in decision-making.
- Central limbic system (immediate reward system)
- Prefrontal cortex (planning and predictive system)
- Explain characteristics of how the central limbic system operates, such as:
- Emotional
- Focuses on immediate gratification
- Instinctive, impulsive, intuitive
- Focuses on existing evidence and ignores absent evidence
- Overweighs low-probability events
- Neglects ambiguity
- Suppresses doubt
- Responds more strongly to losses than gains
- Frames problems in isolation; does not integrate
- Explain operations performed by the central limbic system, such as:
- Generates impressions, feelings, intuitions, and inclinations (to be used by the prefrontal cortex)
- Creates patterns in memory for ideas already activated
- Distinguishes surprises from ordinary situations
- Infers and invents causes and intentions
- Makes short-term predictions and decisions regarding situations that are familiar
- Explain potential impacts associated with operations performed by the central limbic system, such as:
- Reacts to current circumstances using memory, biases, and heuristics, resulting in appropriate decisions
- Reacts to current circumstances using memory, biases, and heuristics, resulting in inappropriate decisions
- Engages the prefrontal cortex area of the brain for more detailed and specific processing
- Explain characteristics of how the prefrontal cortex operates, such as:
- Deliberate
- Measured
- Effortful
- Logical
- Explain operations performed by the prefrontal cortex, such as:
- Processes information from the central limbic system to generate beliefs, attitudes and intentions
- Controls thoughts and behaviours
- Follows rules-based process
- Makes comparisons using several attributes to make deliberate choices
- Explain potential impacts associated with operations performed by the prefrontal cortex, such as:
- Endorses the central limbic system’s judgement and accepts it to make a decision
- Rejects the central limbic system’s judgement and incorporates new information to make a decision
- Identify constraints that may impact an individual’s ability to make decisions, such as:
- Time (too much or too little)
- Information (lack of, overload, incomplete, unknown)
- Knowledge (lack of, incorrect)
- Motivation (lack of, excessive urgency)
- Biological circumstances (fatigue, hunger)
- Resilience (to stress and anxiety)
- Quantity of decisions/thoughts/circumstances/emotions occurring simultaneously
- Environmental circumstances (physical environment, time of year, weather)
- Identify when a decision is more likely to be made, such as:
- The choice is simple
- The choice is related to one topic
- The choice contains a limited number of options
- The choice has minimal ambiguity
- The individual has come to the decision themselves
KNOWLEDGE EXPECTED OF: CFP® Professionals
Highest Knowledge Level: Understanding
Knowledge Levels and Associated Verbs
|
Awareness
The state of being aware that something exists / to have familiarity with a particular activity or subject
|
Understanding
To comprehend the general relationship of particulars / to have an expertise with how something works
|
Application
Ability to put information to use / to use knowledge for relevant, practical purposes
|
Evaluation
To judge or conclude by utilizing data / a systematic determination of something’s worth or significance
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Define
To state exactly the meaning of
|
Identify
To be aware of / to recognize and correctly name / to locate an appropriate resource
|
Explain
To make clear the meaning of / to describe something in more detail or reveal relevant facts or ideas related to it
|
Determine
To ascertain / to come to a decision, such as by investigation or reasoning
|
Compare
To note the similarities and differences between two or more things
|
Estimate
To determine an approximate value for
|
Calculate
To find the value using mathematics
|
Convert
To change from one form or purpose to another
|
Evaluate
To reach a conclusion or make a through careful study
|
Interpret
To give the meaning of / to construe or understand / to translate orally
|
Hold cursor over or click on each term to read its definition.
- Identify the parts of the brain that are involved in decision-making.
- Central limbic system (immediate reward system)
- Prefrontal cortex (planning and predictive system)
- Explain characteristics of how the central limbic system operates, such as:
- Emotional
- Focuses on immediate gratification
- Instinctive, impulsive, intuitive
- Focuses on existing evidence and ignores absent evidence
- Overweighs low-probability events
- Neglects ambiguity
- Suppresses doubt
- Responds more strongly to losses than gains
- Frames problems in isolation; does not integrate
- Explain operations performed by the central limbic system, such as:
- Generates impressions, feelings, intuitions, and inclinations (to be used by the prefrontal cortex)
- Creates patterns in memory for ideas already activated
- Distinguishes surprises from ordinary situations
- Infers and invents causes and intentions
- Makes short-term predictions and decisions regarding situations that are familiar
- Explain potential impacts associated with operations performed by the central limbic system, such as:
- Reacts to current circumstances using memory, biases, and heuristics, resulting in appropriate decisions
- Reacts to current circumstances using memory, biases, and heuristics, resulting in inappropriate decisions
- Engages the prefrontal cortex area of the brain for more detailed and specific processing
- Explain characteristics of how the prefrontal cortex operates, such as:
- Deliberate
- Measured
- Effortful
- Logical
- Explain operations performed by the prefrontal cortex, such as:
- Processes information from the central limbic system to generate beliefs, attitudes and intentions
- Controls thoughts and behaviours
- Follows rules-based process
- Makes comparisons using several attributes to make deliberate choices
- Explain potential impacts associated with operations performed by the prefrontal cortex, such as:
- Endorses the central limbic system’s judgement and accepts it to make a decision
- Rejects the central limbic system’s judgement and incorporates new information to make a decision
- Identify constraints that may impact an individual’s ability to make decisions, such as:
- Time (too much or too little)
- Information (lack of, overload, incomplete, unknown)
- Knowledge (lack of, incorrect)
- Motivation (lack of, excessive urgency)
- Biological circumstances (fatigue, hunger)
- Resilience (to stress and anxiety)
- Quantity of decisions/thoughts/circumstances/emotions occurring simultaneously
- Environmental circumstances (physical environment, time of year, weather)
- Identify when a decision is more likely to be made, such as:
- The choice is simple
- The choice is related to one topic
- The choice contains a limited number of options
- The choice has minimal ambiguity
- The individual has come to the decision themselves
